A target description for UniVeMo consists of a geometric description and other properties or parameters that are required for the analysis. The 3D geometry must represent all functional components of the target such as the engine, control units and operating elements as well as non-functional components such as passive armor. All components are assigned the material and a fill factor, which statistically takes into account non-modeled details. Component failure functions describe the probability of component function failure in the event of damage resulting from interaction with weapon effects. A fault tree is stored for the failure of system capabilities, which contains the relevant components and describes their logical interaction, whereby particular attention must be paid to redundancies.

Target modeling is by far the most complex part of the impact analysis, as it requires an in-depth understanding of the target system and expert knowledge of the possibilities and limitations of the effects.

The ammunition description can be limited to the effects to be applied. For a single fragment of a warhead, mass, material, shape type and velocity are sufficient. To represent direct hits of a ballistic missile by an interceptor missile including debris formation, both objects must be modeled in the quality of a target description. The parameters for a stand-off, impact or delay fuse are also taken into account.

UniVeMo can map the following effects:

• The kinetic penetrating effect of small caliber projectiles up to the bunker buster.
  By integrating state-of-the-art penetration algorithms, the deflection by inhomogeneous targets (e.g. reinforced concrete with aggregates) and the effect of fragments of light or heavy metal up to the highest impact velocities can also be assessed.
• Projectile-forming charges (Explosively Formed Penetrator, EFP), e.g. from anti-tank mines.
• Shaped charges, e.g. from anti-tank missiles, including the inhibiting effect of reactive armor.
• Construction fragments and natural fragments.
  Methods for considering secondary fragments (Behind Armor Debris, BAD) and their reduction by liners are also included. Secondary effects from crater ejection, shattering glass or debris from failing building walls can also be considered.
• Shock and pressure loads from detonations.
  This is done using simple free-field approximations or a highly efficient numerical solver with dynamic-adaptive meshing at runtime for pressure propagation in complex geometries, such as urban development. It can also be used to model particle transport for the local dispersion of hazardous substances.
• The effect against tactical ballistic missiles in all flight phases can be assessed, taking into account the special effects in highly dynamic encounter situations, whereby the debris formation of target and interceptor as well as the release of hazardous substances can also be recorded.
• Various options for assessing personal vulnerability, including biomechanical analyses.
• The evaluation of thermally active laser weapons, taking into account the relevant environmental conditions and the effect of ultrashort pulse lasers.
  
  To develop these procedures, we plan and support experiments at the Bundeswehr's technical services, at research institutes, at manufacturers or at our own test facilities. For the targeted evaluation of these experiments, we use state-of-the-art technology ranging from high-speed cameras to computer tomography and create special programs with a high degree of automation.
  To support this work, we also use sophisticated numerical methods of dynamic structural and fluid mechanics, in particular with IABG's in-house development DYSMAS.
  

A scenario can contain several targets and several munitions that interact with each other. In scenario fault trees, the system failures of the targets involved can be logically linked to each other, for example to determine the probability with which a target can be successfully engaged without seriously injuring uninvolved persons in the vicinity. When the simulation starts, these objects are moved, the fuse models are used to initiate and propagate the effects and the effects of all munitions on all targets and collateral objects are calculated.

The result of a UniVeMo simulation is always the conditional probability of failure assuming a hit or probability of kill given hit, Pk/h for short. In a single simulation run, it is determined for each target contained in the scenario and each system failure of the target defined by the fault tree. The assumption of a hit means that the ammunition comes so close to the target that an interaction can take place. With the probability of hit, Ph, the overall probability Pk = Ph*Pk/h of a successful engagement can be determined for each hit. Conversely, the optimum target point can be determined by varying the hit points, even for indirect fire.

Determining the hit probability requires models of the ammunition trajectories from the weapon to the target, which can take into account all influencing variables and their uncertainties in order to determine the distribution density (scattering) at the target. We also use closed-form approximation solutions for this purpose, which can reveal the relationships between the input variables and the placement at the target much more clearly than statistical evaluations of numerical Monte Carlo simulations.

UniVeMo can be fully controlled with Lua scripts, which allows extensive automation. In addition, there is the UniVeMo-Lab for graphical-interactive operation and UniVeMo-Studio, which enables users without programming knowledge to use UniVeMo with predefined sequences and tested selection options for ammunition and targets. Studio results are stored in predefined Excel or Word documents, and many studies can also be used to create illustrative animations if required.

With the development of UniVeMo-Light (UVML), a very easy to integrate and extremely high-performance solution is now available for mapping the effect in the target in higher aggregated simulations.

Based on ammunition, target and the dynamic encounter situation to be specified, UVML calculates the failure probability of the target using a combination of fast calculations of the hit probability and impact conditions as well as the look-up of presented and vulnerable areas of the target in tables that were generated once with UniVeMo from its detailed target models. The expected damage from the pressure effect of a detonation and the resulting probability of failure can also be taken into account. Target object instances can be managed by the application, allowing the cumulative effect across multiple attacks to be simulated.

The simplifications in UVML allow several thousand calculations per second. Compared to UniVeMo, UVML nevertheless achieves an astonishingly high level of consistency. This combination of high quality of differentiated analysis and speed of execution has made UVML the preferred impact data provider for many simulation models - at IABG, industry and authorities, at home and abroad.

The integration with models of personal vulnerability, taking into account different protective equipment, has made it possible to independently determine national hazard values for the operational use of weapons in accordance with NATO specifications (CER/RED) in practicable periods of time and with available resources. UVML will play a central role in future cross-army solutions for weapons deployment planning (Weaponeering).